PFAS in Tap Water: What It Is, Why It Matters, and How to Remove It

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are man-made chemicals used to make products resistant to heat, water, and stains. They're called "forever chemicals" because they don't break down easily in the environment or your body.

Why Do PFAS Matter?

Here's what makes PFAS in drinking water so concerning:

• Raises cholesterol levels [6]
• Causes liver damage [10]
• Linked to thyroid disease [7]
• Increases risk of kidney & testicular cancer [6]

To help protect public health, the EPA has established a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of just 4 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water—an incredibly small amount. For context, that's about four drops of water in an Olympic-sized pool.

Unfortunately, many water systems still exceed these levels, especially in areas where PFAS testing isn't frequent or mandatory. That's why knowing your water quality is so important.

The good news? You don't have to feel helpless about PFAS in drinking water. In this guide, I'll share simple, actionable tips to test your water, choose the right PFAS water filter, and protect your family from these harmful chemicals. Let's dive in and take control of your family's water safety.

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What Are PFAS? (And Why They're in Your Water)

PFAS (short for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are manmade chemicals. They're not metals or natural minerals—they're something humans created. These chemicals are used to make things that resist heat, water, oil, and stains. Think of them like invisible plastic coats that don't wash off. Scientists call them "forever chemicals" because they don't break down easily. Once they get into your body or the environment, they stay there for a long time.

You can find PFAS in lots of everyday places. For example, they're used in waterproof jackets and stain-resistant carpets. They're also in non-stick pans and some fast food wrappers. One big source of PFAS contamination is firefighting foam, especially around military bases and airports. Another is factories, where waste from making things like clothes and plastic leaks PFAS into rivers and water supplies.

The problem? PFAS in drinking water can build up in our bodies and cause health problems over time. Some scientists are studying links to things like high blood pressure, hormone changes, and even cancer. That's why PFAS water filters are important—they help remove PFAS from water before you drink it.

PFAS might be tiny, but they cause big concerns. They're kind of like glitter—once they're out there, they're really hard to clean up!

PFAS vs PFOA vs PFOS: What's the Difference?

PFAS is the name for a large group of over 9,000 man-made chemicals. Within that group, PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonate) are two of the most well-known and heavily studied. Both have been phased out in the U.S. due to their toxicity, but they still persist in the environment—and in many people's bodies—decades later.

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Why PFAS in Drinking Water Is Such a Big Problem

PFAS health effects aren't just scary headlines – they're real threats happening in homes across America right now.

Your family's immediate health suffers

PFAS exposure causes your cholesterol levels to spike and damages your liver. Think about it this way: every time your kids drink a glass of contaminated tap water, these chemicals build up in their growing bodies. Your teenager might develop high cholesterol before they even graduate high school.

Your home becomes a health hazard

When you cook, make coffee, or brush your teeth with PFAS-contaminated water, you're spreading these toxins throughout your daily routine. Even your pets are at risk when they drink from their water bowls.

The health effects of PFAS get worse over time

Long-term exposure increases your family's risk of thyroid disease – imagine your spouse suddenly feeling exhausted and gaining weight for no clear reason. Even more frightening, PFAS exposure is linked to kidney and testicular cancer. These aren't distant possibilities. They're real risks affecting real families.

The scariest part? PFAS chemicals stay in your body for years. Unlike other toxins that flush out, these "forever chemicals" accumulate and keep causing damage long after exposure.

Children and Pregnant Women Are Especially at Risk

PFAS exposure during pregnancy has been linked to low birth weight, high blood pressure, and developmental delays [8][9]. Infants and children are especially vulnerable because their bodies are still developing. Long-term PFAS exposure has been associated with immune system issues and decreased vaccine response in children. If you're pregnant or have young children at home, it's even more important to take action now.

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How to Know If PFAS Are in Your Drinking Water

PFAS in drinking water can be hard to spot. You usually can't taste, smell, or see them. That's what makes them tricky—and dangerous.

Three Ways to Check for PFAS

Spotting signs early matters. PFAS exposure symptoms can include things like stomach pain, tiredness, or even blood in urine. If you're worried, removing PFAS from water with a PFAS water filter is a smart step to protect your health.

Think of it like invisible dirt—just because you can't see it, doesn't mean it's not harmful or there.

Does Boiling Water Remove PFAS?

No—it actually makes things worse. Boiling water does not remove PFAS; in fact, it may concentrate them. As water evaporates during boiling, PFAS chemicals remain behind, potentially increasing their concentration in the remaining water. That's why filtration—not heat—is the key to removing these invisible contaminants.

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How PFAS Enter Drinking Water

Here's a simple explanation of how PFAS gets into drinking water. PFAS, or "forever chemicals," are manmade and don't break down easily. They enter our water from three main sources.

Firefighting Foam

The military and airports use firefighting foam for training. This foam has PFAS in it. When they spray it, the foam soaks into the ground. It then mixes with nearby water, like rivers or wells. This contaminated water can become part of our drinking water supply.

Factories

Factories that make textiles or chemicals also spread PFAS. They release these chemicals into their wastewater. That wastewater flows into nearby lakes or rivers. If those water bodies are used for drinking water, PFAS in drinking water becomes a problem.

Everyday Consumer Products

Items like non-stick pans, stain-resistant fabrics, and food wrappers contain PFAS. When we use or toss these products, the chemicals can leak into the environment. Over time, they seep into groundwater or rivers, polluting our drinking water.

In short, common sources of PFAS in drinking water come from firefighting foam, factory waste, and products we use daily. Knowing this helps us protect our water.

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3 Easy Ways to Reduce PFAS in Your Water

Worried about PFAS in your water? Don't stress—there are simple ways to lower your risk and make your water safer. Here are three easy steps you can take, starting today:

Use a targeted PFAS water filter

Filters with activated carbon or smart multimedia, such as Crystal Quest Guardian whole house and SMART filters, can help reduce PFAS levels [12]. These filters trap the chemicals, so they don't end up in your glass. It's an easy fix that fits under your sink or in a whole-house system.

Try reverse osmosis

Reverse osmosis systems are one of, if not the best way to remove PFAS from water, as well as PFOA and PFOS [13]. They push water through a special membrane that blocks tiny contaminants—even ones you can't see or taste. It's a great option if you want super clean drinking water.

Test your water regularly

You can buy a PFAS water testing kit or hire a lab to test it. Testing helps you know what's really in your water. That way, you can decide which filter works best for your home.

Taking these steps gives you more control over your health and peace of mind. Clean water is something every family deserves—and it starts with knowing what's in yours.

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Best Water Filters to Remove PFAS

Worried about PFAS in your water? Here are the most effective filter types that can help, along with our top recommendations for each category.

Activated Carbon Filters

These filters trap PFAS in tiny pores as water flows through, making them a great choice for cleaner water. Activated carbon filters are cost-effective and work well for point-of-use applications.

Reverse Osmosis Systems

Reverse osmosis pushes water through a membrane that blocks PFAS and other impurities, leaving you with pure water. These systems offer the highest level of PFAS removal available.

Ion Exchange Filters

Ion exchange uses resins to grab and hold PFAS molecules, stopping them from passing through. Crystal Quest has ion exchange systems, and upon inquiry, can craft a custom anion exchange system targeting PFAS.

Choosing the Right Filter

For help finding water filters for PFAS, look for reputable businesses with a solid track record. Compare costs too—some options, like reverse osmosis, cost more but last longer.

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Additional Tips for Safer Water

Beyond the basics, here are three smart moves for PFAS prevention that many families overlook.

Check your water utility's annual reports

Every public water system must publish yearly water quality reports. Search online for "[your city name] water quality report" or call your utility directly. These reports tell you exactly what's in your water and whether PFAS testing has been done. It's free information that could save your family's health.

Swap out PFAS-heavy household products

Many everyday items add to your PFAS exposure. Replace non-stick cookware with stainless steel or cast iron. Choose natural fiber carpets instead of stain-resistant ones. Skip microwave popcorn bags and fast-food wrappers when possible. Small changes add up to big protection.

Use bottled water strategically while you upgrade

If you're waiting for a filter installation or test results, use bottled water for drinking and cooking. Don't stress about showering or washing dishes – focus your efforts where they matter most. This temporary step helps remove PFAS from water you consume while you implement long-term solutions.

Is Bottled Water Safe from PFAS?

Not necessarily. While some bottled water brands do use advanced filtration methods like reverse osmosis, not all bottled water is tested for PFAS. Some have even tested positive for these chemicals in independent studies [14][15]. If you choose bottled water, look for brands that publish third-party testing or clearly state the use of PFAS-removal technologies.

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Why PFAS Awareness Matters

PFAS may be small, but their impact on your health and home can be big. These chemicals can sneak into drinking water and build up over time. Studies show that PFAS exposure can raise cholesterol, hurt your liver, and even increase the risk of thyroid disease or some cancers. That's why knowing about PFAS in drinking water is so important.

While PFAS are a serious concern, they're just one of many contaminants that can affect your water quality. From heavy metals like lead and arsenic to microplastics and pharmaceuticals, understanding all water contaminants and their health risks is crucial for making informed decisions about your family's water safety.

The good news? You can take action today. One of the best ways to protect your family is by using a PFAS water filter—like a carbon or reverse osmosis system. It's a simple step with powerful results.

In fact, filters and RO systems can reduce PFAS levels in water by up to 99%, giving you peace of mind with every sip.

Frequently Asked Questions About PFAS

How do I know if my water has PFAS?

The only way to know for certain is through PFAS water testing. You can purchase a certified at-home test kit, request testing from your water utility, or hire a professional lab. Many areas don't regularly test for PFAS, so don't assume your water is safe just because it meets other standards. Look for test kits that specifically mention PFAS, PFOA, and PFOS detection.

What are the symptoms of PFAS exposure?

PFAS exposure symptoms can be subtle and develop over time. Common signs include elevated cholesterol levels, liver enzyme changes, decreased immune response, and pregnancy complications. However, these symptoms can have many causes, so a PFAS blood test is the most reliable way to determine exposure levels. If you suspect exposure, consult with your healthcare provider.

What is the best water filter for PFAS removal?

The most effective filters for PFAS removal are reverse osmosis systems, which can remove up to 99% of PFAS compounds. Activated carbon filters are also effective, especially those certified for PFAS reduction [13][12]. Crystal Quest offers both options with proven PFAS removal capabilities. Look for filters certified by NSF/ANSI standards 53 or 58 for PFAS reduction [17].

How much does PFAS testing cost?

PFAS water testing costs typically range from $150-$300 for comprehensive testing through certified laboratories. At-home test kits are usually $100-$200. Blood tests for PFAS exposure can cost $400-$800 and may not be covered by insurance. Some areas offer free or reduced-cost testing through local health departments, so check with your municipality first.

What products contain PFAS?

PFAS are found in numerous everyday products including non-stick cookware, waterproof clothing, stain-resistant carpets and furniture, food packaging (especially fast food wrappers), cosmetics, and some dental floss. They're also in industrial products like firefighting foam. To reduce exposure, choose PFAS-free alternatives when possible and avoid products labeled as "stain-resistant" or "waterproof."

How long do PFAS stay in your body?

PFAS can remain in your body for years or even decades. PFOA has a half-life of about 3-4 years, while PFOS can persist for 5-6 years. This means it takes multiple years for just half of the chemicals to leave your system. The exact timeline depends on the specific PFAS compound, your overall health, and continued exposure levels.

Are PFAS filters worth it?

Absolutely. Quality PFAS water filters can remove 90-99% of these harmful chemicals from your drinking water. While the upfront cost ranges from $200-$2,000 depending on the system, the long-term health benefits and peace of mind make them a worthwhile investment. Consider that treating PFAS-related health issues can cost thousands of dollars over time.